{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T07:41:17Z","timestamp":1770018077308,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4848,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of drugs acting on the endogenous opioid system, we studied 10 adults with Tourette's syndrome who received propoxyphene hydrochloride (260 mg\/day), naltrexone hydrochloride (50 mg\/day), and placebo in a double\u2010blinded, randomized clinical trial. Using a self\u2010report scale (Tourette's Syndrome Symptom List), subjects noted a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.04) lessening of tics after treatment with naltrexone when compared with placebo. An improvement in performance on the Trail Making B test, a measure of attention and visuomotor sequencing and planning, occurred after receiving naltrexone when compared with placebo (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.08) or propoxyphene (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02). The Trail Making B test best discriminated the treatments (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02, analysis of variance). No other treatment effects were observed for several other measures of tic severity, attentional ability, or obsessive\u2010compulsive symptoms. Our findings indicate that pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous opioid system does influence symptoms of Tourette's syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T12:01:12Z","timestamp":1104580872000},"page":"19-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["A controlled trial of propoxyphene and naltrexone in patients with tourette's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Roger","family":"Kurlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Majumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Deeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Govind S.","family":"Mudholkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Plumb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Como","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.12.1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(86)90097-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198602000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458708987115"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"277","article-title":"Naltrexone suppresses selfmutilatory behavior in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Sandyk R","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Tourette syndrome. 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