{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T03:33:48Z","timestamp":1784691228507,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4756,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dopamine hypothesis for Tourette's syndrome proposes that the disorder is pathologically related either to an excessive amount of dopamine or to supersensitive receptors. To evaluate these proposals, pre\u2010 and postsynaptic markers of dopamine metabolism were measured in postmortem striatum from three adults with the diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome. Neuronal dopamine uptake carrier sites ([<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]mazindol binding) were significantly increased in number over control values by 37% in the caudate and by 50% in the putamen. High\u2010pressure liquid chromatographic assays of dopamine and its primary metabolites, homovanillic acid and 3,4\u2010dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, showed normal findings. D1 and D2 subtypes of dopaminergic receptors ([<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]SCH 23390 and [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]spiperone binding, respectively) showed only slight alterations, presumably due to treatment with neuroleptics. The concentration of adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032\u2010 monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in putamen was reduced by 23%. Our data support earlier proposals of a dopaminergic abnormality in TS, but suggest that the mechanism involves a significant alteration of uptake sites. We sp\u00e9culate that increases in carrier site binding indicate an enhanced dopamine innervation within the striatum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T12:05:46Z","timestamp":1104581146000},"page":"558-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Abnormal dopamine uptake sites in postmortem striatum from patients with tourette's syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Harvey S.","family":"Singer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u2010Hei","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy H.","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Tourette's syndrome and tic disorders. 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