{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:17:41Z","timestamp":1789165061796,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4420,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We administered magnetic cortical stimulation (MCS) during voluntary contraction of intrinsic hand muscles to 8 patients with motor neuron disease (MND), 5 patients with pure lower motor neuron syndromes (LMN), a patient with severe subacute sensory neuropathy (SSN), and 10 healthy volunteers. Patients with MND had clinical evidence of upper MND and elevated thresholds for (3 patients) or absence of (5 patients) motor evoked potentials (MEPs). MCS during sustained contraction inhibited electromyographic activity in 6 of 8 patients with MND, without preceding MEPs. MCS had no effect on the electromyogram (EMG) of the other 2 patients with MND. In normal subjects and patients with LMN inhibition of EMG was never seen without a preceding MEP, regardless of stimulus intensity. In the patient with SSN, MCS elicited normal MEPs and inhibited the EMG in a pattern similar to normal subjects, whereas supramaximal electrical stimulation of median and ulnar nerves failed to inhibit the EMG despite normal M and F responses. Our findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of MCS on EMG are not dependent solely on changes in afferent feedback caused by the muscle twitch produced by the MEP, or on Renshaw cell inhibition. We suggest that some of the inhibitory and excitatory effects of MCS on the motor system are mediated by distinct cortical elements, which may have different susceptibilities to pathophysiological processes in MND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T12:15:56Z","timestamp":1104581756000},"page":"345-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Motor inhibition and excitation are independent effects of magnetic cortical stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"William J.","family":"Triggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A. L.","family":"Macdonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Cros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith H.","family":"Chiappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagwan T.","family":"Shahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91243-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-198701000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-198701000-00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.2.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(87)90224-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880130211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.6.732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1988.tb03660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-198701000-00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(89)90032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.3.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.8.705"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"192","article-title":"Intracortical inhibitory circuits studied in humans","volume":"41","author":"Rothwell JC","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(91)90011-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1986.sp016190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.58.5.1168","article-title":"Motor\u2010unit responses in human wrist flexor and extensor muscles to transcranial cortical stimuli","volume":"58","author":"Calancie B","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(90)90060-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"ChiappaKH CrosD DayBJ et al. Transcallosal motor inhibition as revealed by single motor unit recordings following transcranial magnetic stimulation.Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol1992(in press)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90034-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"14P","article-title":"An investigation of the EMG silent period following stimulation of the brain in normal man","volume":"414","author":"Day BL","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"65P","article-title":"Magnetic coil stimulation of human premotor cortex affects sequential digital movements","volume":"424","author":"Amassian VE","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.11.1795"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"589","volume-title":"New developments in clinical electromyography and clinical neurophysiology","author":"Shahani BT","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.9.1441"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"114P","article-title":"Magnetic brain stimulation produces a normal silent period in the EMG but does not lead to perception of an induced finger movement in a chronically deafferented man","volume":"435","author":"Cole JD","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(89)90036-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1967.30.4.844"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00270695"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1985.53.4.959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"492","article-title":"Motor cortical mechanisms mediating reciprocal activation and cocontraction of forearm flexor and extensor muscles in the primatec","volume":"9","author":"Kasser RJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.6.1668","article-title":"Microstimulation mapping of precentral cortex during trained movements","volume":"64","author":"Schmidt EM","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Magnetic stimulation in clinical neurophysiology","author":"Amassian VE","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","first-page":"509","volume-title":"Evoked potentials in clinical medicine","author":"King PJL","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.410320307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.410320307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T01:40:07Z","timestamp":1695865207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.410320307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.410320307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410320307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]}}}