{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:25:42Z","timestamp":1787761542866,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4390,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present article describes the clinical pathological findings in 5 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected patients with muscle toxolasmosis. The patients had marked lymphopenia (5\/5), with less than five CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (3\/3), when they developed fever (5\/5), and multiorgan failure (5\/5), including diffuse ecephalitis, pneumonia, pancytopenia, and myopathy. Muscle involvement; included weakness and wasting (4\/5), myalgias (3\/5), and high serum creatine kinase levels (3\/3). Serology for toxoplasmosis showed high IgG titers in 3 patients (3\/4). Anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> therapy resulted in complete recovery in 2 patients. Muscle toxoplasmosis was detected by biopsy (3\/5) or postmortem evaluation (2\/5), and was identified using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> cysts were detected in 0.5 to 4%of muscle fibers close to or remote from necrotic fibers and inflammatory infitrates. Muscle fibers strongly expressed the major histocompatibility complex class I antigen (2\/2) as in polymyositis. We suggest that <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> should be sought by muscle biopsy in patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with fever, encephalitis, multiorgan dysfunction, and elevated serum creatine kinase levels of obscure origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T12:16:16Z","timestamp":1104581776000},"page":"535-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Skeletal muscle toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A clinical and pathological study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Gherardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Baudrimont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Lionnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010M.","family":"Salord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Duvivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Michon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Marche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199102000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198905000-00250"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuropathologic findings in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)","volume":"5","author":"Anders K","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880130607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196512092732404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1952.00240050073006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.11.5.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5585.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(74)90596-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-3-367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.235.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050416"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780220301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010060044028","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis appearing to be dermatomyositis","volume":"115","author":"Pollock JL","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1979.tb15105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"675","article-title":"Polymyositis and toxoplasmosis","volume":"31","author":"Karasawa T","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690799"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"The development of polymyositis in a patient with toxoplasmosis. 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