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Ninetyeight case and 216 controls were gathered from an ongoing population survey on aging and dementia in Stockholm (the Kungsholmen Project). We found a high relative risk (3.2;95% confidence interval, 1\u20108\u20105.7) with the presence of at least one first\u2010degree relative affected by dementia. Among all the other risk factors, alcohol abuse (relative risk, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4\u201313.8) and manual work (relative risk for men of 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 25.5) emerged as positively associated. No clear association was found with a family history of Parkinson disease, advanced parental age at index delivery, season of birth, or previous head trauma. In conclusion, our date suggest the the main risk factor for late\u2010onser alzheimer's disease is a family history of dementia, as has been previously reported for early\u2010onset disease. 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