{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T21:41:39Z","timestamp":1781214099929,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4025,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zidovudine can induce a mitochondrial myopathy with ragged\u2010red fibers and partial cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase deficency. In an attempt to improve histological assessment of zidovudine myopathy, we evaluated cytochorme <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase histochemical reaction in the muscle of 10 patients with biopsy\u2010proven zidovudine myopathy (Group 1), 10 myopathic immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected patients not treated by zidovudine who had an immunohistological profile of HIV\u2010associated myopathy or other neuromuscular disorders (Group 3). Among zidovudine receivers, cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase deficiency was found in 10 of 10 patients from Group 1 and 7 of 10 from Group 2. No cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase deficiency was observed in patients not treated by zidovudine. When present, cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase\u2010negative fibers accounted for 2 to 28% of fibers, and there was no difference for the number of cytchrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase\u2010negative fibers between Group 1 and Group 2. Most patients with cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase deficiency that could be evaluated clinically after muscle biopsy improved after withdrawal of zidovudine (5 of 7 in Group 1,5 of 5 in Group 2). Patients who did not improve had an HIV\u2010associated myopathy concurrently with zidovudine myopathy. We conclude that cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> oxidase reaction may be used as a reliable marker of zidovudine mitochondrial toxicity in HIV\u2010infected patients with muscular symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:26:10Z","timestamp":1104539170000},"page":"561-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Cytochrome <i>c<\/i> oxidase reaction improves histopathological assessment of zidovudine 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