{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:46:14Z","timestamp":1765975574873},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3994,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Mashhadi\u2010Jewish community originating in Iran is a closed and ethnically segregated population with a unique history and a high rate of intrafamilial marriage among its members. A high risk of infection by human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV\u2010I) and of adult T\u2010cell leukemia associated with such infection was found in this population. HTLV\u2010I is also associated with a syndrome of progressive spastic paraparesis. We therefore evaluated the occurrence of HTLV\u2010I infection and spastic paraparesis in Mashhadi\u2010born Iranian Jews who immigrated to Israel. We examined 83 Mashhadi\u2010born subjects (52 women, 31 men; mean age, 61 \u00b1 15.5 years) and 73 age\u2010matched non\u2010Mashhadi Iranian\u2010born Jews. Blood samples were tested for HTLV\u2010I antibodies by particle agglutination test. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HTLV\u2010I proviral DNA sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Fifteen Mashhadi\u2010born Jews (18%) were both seropositive and PCR\u2010positive for HTLV\u2010I. Four HTLV\u2010I\u2010seronegative subjects were found to be positive for HTLV\u2010I proviral DNA by PCR. Of the 19 HTLV\u2010I\u2013infected subjects (11 women, 8 men; mean age, 59 \u00b1 16 years), 13 (68%) had spastic paraparesis of varying severity. There were no signs of myelopathy in the Mashhadi\u2010born subjects who were negative for HTLV\u2010I proviral DNA by PCR. None of the non\u2010Mashhadi Iranian Jews was seropositive or PCR\u2010positive for HTLV\u2010I proviral DNA, or had clinical signs of spastic paraparesis. Our study indicates a high incidence of HTLV\u2010I infection and spastic paraparesis in Mashhadi\u2010born Iranian Jews. Possible transmission mechanisms may be related to a high rate of infection in this closed community, or to a genetically transmitted virus in a susceptible high\u2010inbred population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:27:57Z","timestamp":1104539277000},"page":"670-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Spastic paraparesis associated with human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type I: A clinical, serological, and genomic study in Iranian\u2010born Mashhadi Jews"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Achiron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Pinhas\u2010Hamiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Doll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Djaldetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ziv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Avni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Frankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Melamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Shohat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.4.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.2.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"1102","article-title":"A 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