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We wished to assess whether the toxicity from MPTP is associated with changes on magnetic resonance images of brain structures containing dopamine neuronal processes or with disrupture of the blood\u2010brain barrier. Normal rhesus monkeys and monkeys at various times after being subjected to unilateral intracarotid injection of MPTP (0.4 mg\/kg) were studied with magnetic resonance imaging using T1\u2010and T2\u2010weighted spin\u2010echo and gradient\u2010echo sequences. Disrupture of the blood\u2010brain barrier was assessed also with magnetic resonance imaging after administration of gadolinium\u2010diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Parkinsonian symptoms contralateral to the infused carotid usually appeared within 1 day after MPTP exposure, reaching their peak severity by 7 days, when all monkeys showed clear clinical abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging changes developed in concomitance with the clinical signs and were characterized by increased signal intensity on T2\u2010weighted images as well as decreased intensity on T1\u2010weighted images of the ipsilateral caudate and putamen. T2 hyperintensity was also present just dorsal to the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, in the region of the proximal nigrostriatal tract. All magnetic resonance imaging changes in the next 2 weeks. There were no abnormalities at any time in the globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, and other structures innervated by the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. After MPTP exposure, there was no evidence of blood\u2010brain barrier disrupture, suggesting that vasogenic edema was an unlikely factor in the production of the observed abnormalities. The signal intensity changes on magnetic resonance images are most probably asociated with cytotoxic edema caused by the acute MPTP\u2010induced degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine nerve terminals and axons. Follow\u2010up by magnetic resonance imaging, to 3 years after MPTP infusion, failed to reveal any residual abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T14:41:23Z","timestamp":1104590483000},"page":"689-697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["MRI detects acute degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system after MPTP exposure in hemiparkinsonian monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"R. S.","family":"Miletich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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