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Substantial sex differences were apparent for all measured regions, with all the measurements in boys being significantly larger. Age, even within the narrow range employed here (7.5\u20139.7 years), was positively correlated with the size of each brain region. While initial analyses suggested smaller left hemisphere structures in dyslexics compared to control subjects, subsequent analyses controlling for age and overall brain size revealed no significant differences between dyslexics and nonimpaired children on a variety of measures, in particular surface area and symmetry of the planum temporale. We suggest that differences in subject characteristics (i.e., sex, age, handedness, and definition of dyslexia) as well as procedural variations in the methods used to acquire images and to define and measure anatomical regions of interest such as the planum temporale all may play an important role in explaining apparent discrepant results in the neuroimaging literature on dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T14:41:23Z","timestamp":1104590483000},"page":"732-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Brain morphology in normal and dyslexic children: The influence of sex and age"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam K.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence H.","family":"Staib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon E.","family":"Kier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack M.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally E.","family":"Shaywitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Shankweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Len","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett A.","family":"Shaywitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Learning disabilities: a report to the U.S. Congress","author":"Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Phonological processes in literacy: a tribute to Isabelle Y. 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