{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:43:44Z","timestamp":1791571424310,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3721,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the clinical features of transient cerebral hypoxia, syncope was induced in 56 of 59 healthy volunteers through a sequence of hyperventilation, orthostasis, and Valsalva maneuver. All events were monitored on video by two cameras. Complete syncope with falling and loss of consciousness was observed in 42 subjects, lasting 12.1 \u00b1 4.4 seconds. Myoclonic activity occurred in 38 of these 42 episodes (90%). The predominant movement pattern consisted of multifocal arrhythmic jerks both in proximal and distal muscles. Superposition of generalized myoclonus was common. Additional movements such as head turns, oral automatisms, and righting movements occurred in 79%. Eyes remained open throughout syncope in most subjects and initial upward deviation was common. Sixty percent reported visual and auditory hallucinations. Thirteen subjects had incomplete syncope with falls but partially preserved consciousness. These episodes were shorter and usually not accompanied by myoclonus and hallucinations. Transient amnesia and unresponsiveness without falling occurred in 1 subject.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:06:26Z","timestamp":1104595586000},"page":"233-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":347,"title":["Syncope: A videometric analysis of 56 episodes of transient cerebral hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Lempert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-11-850"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90511-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(57)92147-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.3.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-108-6-791"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1943.02290230022002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1962.04210030057008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530070058012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"517","article-title":"Recovery from +Gz\u2010induced loss of consciousness: psychophysiologic considerations","volume":"59","author":"Forster EM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4728.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(61)90178-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(64)90010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"815","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Gastaut H","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Comprehensive epileptology","author":"Schmidt D","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410110513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Cerebral anoxia and the electroencephalogram","author":"Naquet R","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Brain energy metabolism","author":"Siesj\u00f6 BK","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.3.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1972.00490130016003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Parkinson's disease and movement disorders","author":"Obeso JA","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"585","article-title":"Physiology of posture. 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