{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:18:24Z","timestamp":1762100304616},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3660,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the mechanism of polymyositis in human T\u2010cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV\u2010I) infection, we studied 6 HTLV\u2010I\u2013positive patients, 3 with polymyositis and 3 with adult T\u2010cell leukemia but without clinical signs of muscle disease, by (a) quantitative single or double immunocytochemistry on serial 4\u2010\u03bcm\u2010thick muscle biopsy sections using antibodies to lymphocyte subsets, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, and HTLV\u2010I proteins; (b) polymerase chain reaction using HTLV\u2010I primers in the RNA and DNA extrcted from 50 \u03bcg of muscle tissue or from serial 5\u2010\u03bcm\u2010thick fresh\u2010frozen tissue sections; and (c) cocultures of the patients' HTLV\u2010I\u2013positive peripher blood lymphocytes with their homologous muscles searching for replication of HTLV\u2010I within the myotubes. In the muscle of patients with HTLV\u2010I\u2013associated myopathy, the predominant endomysial cells surrounding healthy muscle fibers were CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells followed by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and macrophages. MHC\u2010I antigens were ubiquitous in the muscles of all 6 patients, even in those without endomysial inflammation. HTLV\u2010I sequences were amplified from the whole muscle biopsy specimens but the cells harboring viral antigens were rare endomysial macrophages and not muscle fibers. Although HTLV\u2010I sequences were amplified from all the patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes, these cells did not exert myotoxicity or resulted in viral replication in cocultures with their homologous myotubes. We conclude that in HTLV\u2010I polymyositis (a) the HTLV\u2010I sequences amplified from the whole muscle biopsy specimens are related to scattered HTLV\u2010I\u2013positive endomysial macrophages; (b) HTLV\u2010I and HTLV\u2010I\u2013positive lymphocytes do not infect the muscle in vivo or in vitro; and (c) the virus, which perists in tissues other than muscle, triggers the activationof autoaggressive T cells that cause a T\u2010cell\u2013mediated and MHC\u2010I\u2013restricted myocytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:06:34Z","timestamp":1104595594000},"page":"643-649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Polymyositis inpatients infected with human T\u2010cell leukemia virus type I: The role of the virus in the cause of the disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Leon\u2010Monzon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Illa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marinos C.","family":"Dalakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91793-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230728"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.12.1572"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.256.17.2381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.8.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"1439","volume-title":"Myology","author":"Hays AP","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91134-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(93)90005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004193221602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2999980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372180-8.50043-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880160411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.4.569"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"301","article-title":"Immunopathology of HTLV\u2010I\u2010associated\u2010polymyositis (HTLV\u2010I\u2010PM): study in 6 patients","volume":"42","author":"Dalakas MC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80180-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90128-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.2.661","article-title":"Human myoblasts as antigen\u2010presenting cells","volume":"149","author":"Goebels N","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.6.2110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/348245a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"Retroviral sequences in patients with polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM)","volume":"42","author":"Illa I","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-185-42556"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","first-page":"1419","volume-title":"Myology II","author":"Dalakas MC","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.410360414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.410360414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T03:45:15Z","timestamp":1698205515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.410360414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.410360414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410360414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,10]]}}}