{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:19:31Z","timestamp":1791119971543,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3143,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Brain insulin\u2010like growth factor I (IGF\u2010I) and its related molecules may be involved in neurodegenerative processes in which IGF\u2010I\u2010containing pathways are compromised. Since IGF\u2010I is present in the olivocerebellar circuitry, two types of late\u2010onset cerebellar ataxias (olivopontocerebellar and idiopathic cerebellar cortical atrophy) were chosen to test this hypothesis. The following significant changes in the peripheral IGF\u2010I system of these patients were found: low IGF\u2010I levels, and high IGF\u2010binding protein 1 (BP\u20101), and BP\u20103 affinity for IGF\u20101. Sixty percent of the patients also had significantly low insulin levels. Patients suffering from other neurological diseases with cerebellar dysfunction and ataxia not involving the olivocerebellar pathway also had low IGF\u2010I levels, while IGFBPs and insulin levels were normal. Our data indicate that degeneration of an IGF\u2010I\u2010containing neuronal pathway produces significant changes in the peripheral IGF system. This suggests strongly that the endocrine (bloodborne) and the paracrine\/autocrine (brain) IGF systems are linked functionally. 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