{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T19:22:32Z","timestamp":1775848952124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3082,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recently reported the frequent occurrence of polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism in women taking valproate for epilepsy, especially when the medication was started before the age of 20 years. In the present study we evaluated the association of obesity and hyperinsulinemia with valproate\u2010related polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism in women with epilepsy. Sixty\u2010five women participated in the study. Twenty\u2010two received valproate monotherapy and 43 received carbamazepine monotherapy. In addition to clinical examination, vaginal ultrasonography was performed to determine ovarian size, and the concentrations of serum sex hormones, insulin, insulin\u2010like growth factor I, and the insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010binding proteins 1 and 3 (IGFBP\u20101 and IGFBP\u20103) were measured. Fifty\u2010nine percent of the women on valproate were obese, and in a retrospective analysis an indisputable weight gain (mean, 21 kg, range, 8 \u201049 kg) was found in 50% of the women taking valproate. Fourteen (64%) of the women on valproate had polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, or both. These women were obese, and in addition to elevated serum androgen levels, they had high concentrations of fasting serum insulin and low levels of serum insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010binding protein 1. Valproate therapy for epilepsy is associated with weight gain during treatment in approximately 50% of women patients. The weight gain can be progressive, and is associated with hyperinsulinemia and low serum levels of insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010binding protein 1, which may lead to hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:36:26Z","timestamp":1104597386000},"page":"579-584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":290,"title":["Obesity and endocrine disorders in women taking valproate for epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jouko I. 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