{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T09:24:55Z","timestamp":1774085095249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3082,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical data suggest that high\u2010dose thiamine (vitamin B,) may have a mild beneficial effect in some patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since this action could be related to a brain thiamine deficiency, we measured directly levels of free (nonphosphorylated) thiamine and its phosphate esters, thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate (TDP), and activities of three TDP\u2010metabolizing enzymes (thiamine pyrophosphokinase, thiamine diphosphatase, and thiamine triphosphatase) in autopsied cerebral cortex of 18 patients with AD and 20 matched controls. In the AD group, mean levels of free thiamine and its monophosphate ester were normal, whereas levels of TDP were significantly reduced by 18 to 21% in all three cortical brain areas examined. Activities of the TDP\u2010metabolizing enzymes were normal in the AD group, suggesting that decreased TDP is not due to altered levels of these enzymes. The TDP decrease could be explained by a cerebral cortical deficiency in AD of ATP, which is needed for TDP synthesis. Although the magnitude of the TDP reduction is slight, a chronic subclinical TDP deficiency could contribute to impaired brain function in AD and might provide the basis for the modest improvement by thiamine in cognitive status of some patients with AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:36:26Z","timestamp":1104597386000},"page":"585-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Brain thiamine, its phosphate esters, and its metabolizing enzymes in alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Mastrogiacomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucien","family":"Bettendorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Grisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Kish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.08.070188.002411"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520320019008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879300600408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530130093025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1984.tb04168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198907000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199100530-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379203700912"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb07436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/71.3.273","article-title":"Effect of thiamine deficiency on activity of erythrocyte hemolysate transketolase","volume":"71","author":"Brin M","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Decreased acrivities of thiamine diphosphatase in frontal and temporal cortex in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"63","author":"Rao VLR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain RKS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(80)90220-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"GibsonGE SheuK\u2010FR BlassJP et al.Reduced activities of thiamine\u2010dependent enzymes in the brains and peripheral tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease. 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