{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:54:41Z","timestamp":1791338081354,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]],"date-time":"2004-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2959,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To map presynaptic cholinergic terminal densities in normal aging (n = 36), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 22), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 15), we performed single\u2010photon emission computed tomography using [<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]iodoben\u2010zovesamicol (IBVM), an in vivo marker of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. We used coregistered positron emission tomography with [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluorodexyglucose for metabolic assessment and coregistered magnetic resonance imaging for atrophy assessment. In controls (age, 22\u201391 years), cortical IBVM binding declined only 3.7% per decade. In AD, cortical binding correlated inversely with dementia severity. In mild dementia, binding differed according to age of onset, but metabolism did not. With an onset age of less than 65 years, binding was reduced severely throughout the entire cerebral cortex and hippocapus (about 30%), but with an onset age of 65 years or more, binding reductions were restricted to temporal cortex and hippocampus. In PD without dementia, binding was reduced only in parietal and occipital cortex, but demented PD subjects had extensive cortical binding decreases similar to early\u2010onset AD. We conclude that cholinergic neuron integrity can be monitored in living AD and PD patients, and that it is not so devastated in vivo as suggested by postmortem choline acetylransferase activity (50\u201380%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T14:50:57Z","timestamp":1104591057000},"page":"399-410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":329,"title":["In vivo mapping of cholinergic terminals in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"D. E.","family":"Kuhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Minoshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Fessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. P.","family":"Ficaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Wieland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Koeppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. L.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","first-page":"405","article-title":"In vivo mapping of cholinergic neurons in the human brain using SPECT and IBVM","volume":"35","author":"Kuhl DE","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(82)90391-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90046-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/99.3.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91936-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)91780-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90615-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6338589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6150.1457"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90026-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64020749.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(87)90007-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-8051(93)90093-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00126a013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"Positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease in relation to disease pathogenesis: a critical review","volume":"3","author":"Rapoport SI","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cerbrovasc Brain Metab Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-2897(90)90052-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"322","article-title":"Automated detection of the intercommissural (AC\u2010PC) line for stereotactic localization of functional brain images","volume":"34","author":"Minoshima S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","volume-title":"Co\u2010planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain","author":"Talairach J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","first-page":"1528","article-title":"Anatomical standardization: linear scaling and non\u2010linear warping of functional brain images","volume":"35","author":"Minoshima S","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"1238","article-title":"A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer's disease using three\u2010dimensinal stereotactic surface projections of [18F]FDG PET","volume":"36","author":"Minoshima S","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"S169","article-title":"Similarities of cerebral glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's and parkinsonian dementia","volume":"5","author":"Kuhl DE","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Three\u2010dimensional alignment of functional and morphological tomograms","volume":"14","author":"Pietrzyk U","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.3.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890020504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90086-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90689-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","first-page":"118","article-title":"Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]vesamicol binding to synaptic vesicle uptake sites for acetylcholine in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"41","author":"Hermanowicz NS","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb03780.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","first-page":"633","article-title":"Kinetic and equilibrium characterization of vesamicol receptor ligand complexes with picomolar dissociation constants","volume":"44","author":"Rogers GA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00170a002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31734-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/104.4.753"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7046051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(92)90113-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490270419"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140306"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6422.961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7058341"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90242-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.5.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"The relationship between function and energy metabolism: its use in the localization of functional activity in the nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Sokoloff L","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurosci Res Program Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1981.tb05319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00367450"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical patterns of synaptophysinlike immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"138","author":"Masliah E","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(83)90048-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90385-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90249-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.8.672"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.7.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90911-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199307020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198110000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427","article-title":"Parkinsonism: onset, progression, and mortality","volume":"17","author":"Hoehn MM","year":"1966","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap)"}],"container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fana.410400309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ana.410400309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T20:05:25Z","timestamp":1698437125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ana.410400309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ana.410400309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410400309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-5134","1531-8249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-5134","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,9]]}}}