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Although the tau levels increased with aging, a significant elevation of tau and a correlation between the tau levels and the clinical progression were observed in the AD patients. A significant decrease of the A\u03b21\u201342(43) levels and a significant increase of the ratio of A\u03b21\u201340 to A\u03b21\u201342(43) were observed in the AD patients. The longitudinal AD study showed continuous low A\u03b21\u201342(43) levels and an increase of the ratio of A\u03b21\u201340 to A\u03b21\u201342(43) before the onset of AD. These findings suggest that CSF tau may increase with the clinical progression of dementia and that the alteration of the CSF level of A\u03b21\u201342(43) and the ratio of A\u03b21\u201340 to A\u03b21\u201342(43) may start at early stages in AD. The assays of CSF tau, A\u03b21\u201340, and A\u03b21\u201342(43) provided efficient diagnostic sensitivity (71%) and specificity (83%) by using the production of tau levels and the ratio of A\u03b21\u201340 to A\u03b21\u201342(43), and an improvement in sensitivity (to 91%) was obtained in the longitudinal evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T15:17:07Z","timestamp":1104592627000},"page":"17-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":253,"title":["Longitudinal study of cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau, A\u03b21\u201340, and A\u03b21\u201342(43) in Alzheimer's disease: A study in 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