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In this study, we identify predictive factors for prolonged survival in patients with biopsy proven, AIDS\u2010associated PML, by comparing 7 patients with survival exceeding 12 months from symptom onset with 45 patients with shorter survivals. PML was the presenting manifestation of AIDS in 5 (71.4%) of 7 long\u2010term survivors compared with 8 (17.8%) of 45 short\u2010term survivors. CD4 T\u2010lymphocyte counts were substantially higher in the long\u2010term survivors, with 3 (42.9%) of 7 having counts exceeding 300 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in comparison with only 1 (4.3%) of 23 short\u2010term survivors. Contrast enhancement on radiographic imaging was observed in 3 (50%) of 6 long\u2010term survivors in comparison with 4 (8.9%) of 45 short\u2010term survivors. Neurological recovery and radiographic improvement were not observed in any short\u2010term survivors but were seen in 5 (71.4%) long\u2010term survivors. There was no association between treatment modalities and survival. Predictors of long\u2010term survival in AIDS patients with PML include PML as the heralding manifestation of AIDS, high CD4 T\u2010lymphocyte count at disease onset, lesion enhacement on computed tomographic scan or magnetic resonance imaging, and evidence of recovery of neurological function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T15:21:43Z","timestamp":1104592903000},"page":"341-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Predictive factors for prolonged survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome\u2014associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert 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