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By using an enzyme immunoassay, high concentrations of MMP\u20109 were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adult patients with bacterial meningitis but not in controls, and in patients with Guilain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Moreover, we observed significantly elevated concentrations of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase\u20101 (TIMP\u20101) in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis, compared with controls. In a rat model of meningococcal meningitis, intracisternal injection of heat\u2010killed meningococci caused a disruption of the blood\u2013;brain barrier (BBB), and increase in intracranial pressure, and CSF pleocytosis paralleled by the occurrence of MMP\u20109 activity in the CSF 6 hours after meningococcal challenge. The MMP inhibitor batimastat (BB\u201094) significantly reduced the BBB disruption and the increase in intracranial pressure irrespective of the time of batmastat administration (15 minutes before and 3 hours after meningococcal challenge) but failed to significantly reduce CSF white blood cell counts. In conclusion, our results suggest that MMPs are involved in the alterations of BBB permeability during experimental meningococcal meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:37:16Z","timestamp":1104597436000},"page":"592-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to the blood\u2014brain barrier disruption during bacterial 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