{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:09:13Z","timestamp":1792066153945,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize Fc\u2010glycosylation profiles in patients with anti\u2010N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) and assess their association with antibody compartmentalization (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] vs serum), disease triggers (viral, tumor\u2010related or idiopathic), and 1\u2010year outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgG2\/3 Fc\u2010glycosylation by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry in paired serum\/CSF samples from 50 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched patients with NMDARe identified in IDIBAPS\/Hospital Clinic of Barcelona database and the Spanish study on herpes encephalitis. Patients were classified by disease trigger as post\u2010herpetic, tumor\u2010related, or idiopathic. One\u2010year outcomes were defined as\n                      <jats:italic>good<\/jats:italic>\n                      (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] \u22642) or\n                      <jats:italic>poor<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\u22653). Fc glycoprofiles were quantified for fucosylation, sialylation, galactosylation, and bisecting N\u2010acetylglucosamination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across IgG subclasses (IgG1\u20133), CSF antibodies showed significantly reduced sialylation and galactosylation compared to serum (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), indicating a pro\u2010inflammatory compartmentalized response within the central nervous system. These inflammatory Fc\u2010glycoforms were predominant in post\u2010herpetic cases of NMDARe (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) compared to tumor\u2010related and idiopathic forms, suggesting that viral\u2010induced NMDAR may alter antibody Fc\u2010glycosylation via B\u2010cell glycosylation pathway modulation. Furthermore, reduced sialylation, galactosylation and fucosylation in CSF and serum were associated with\n                      <jats:italic>poor<\/jats:italic>\n                      1\u2010year outcomes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), suggesting that compartmentalized inflammation and enhanced innate immune activation, including natural killer (NK) cell\u2013mediated cytotoxicity driven by afucosylated antibodies, might contribute to neurological dysfunction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In NMDARe, CSF Fc\u2010glycosylation profiles are both compartment\u2010 and trigger\u2010specific. Because glycan signatures shape innate immune interactions (e.g., with NK cells), these findings highlight distinct pathogenic mechanisms and support Fc\u2010glycosylation profiling as a potential prognostic biomarker. ANN NEUROL 2026;99:1468\u20131479<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:45:46Z","timestamp":1771472746000},"page":"1468-1479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<scp>CSF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Compartmentalized Antibody Glycoprofiles in\n                    <scp>NMDAR<\/scp>\n                    Encephalitis Associate with Etiology and Functional Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-5370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Marmolejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Program, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2010Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e9diques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB\u2010IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona, Spain and Caixa Research Institute (CRI)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Papi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Program, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2010Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e9diques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB\u2010IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona, Spain and Caixa Research Institute (CRI)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Milano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Program, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2010Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e9diques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB\u2010IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona, Spain and Caixa Research Institute (CRI)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa  Pisa 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Ore\u0161kovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerko","family":"\u0160tambuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Pu\u010di\u0107\u2010Bakovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Oliv\u00e9\u2010Cirera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Program, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2010Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e9diques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB\u2010IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona, Spain and Caixa Research Institute (CRI)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Service, 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Martinez\u2010Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Program, Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca Cl\u00ednic Barcelona\u2010Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e9diques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB\u2010IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona, Spain and Caixa Research Institute (CRI)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ari\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (CEMCAT), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Kitasato University School of Medicine  Sagamihara 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