{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:28:12Z","timestamp":1789518492875,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"\n Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is presumed to be an autoimmune disorder caused by hypothalamic loss of hypocretin (Hcrt; orexin). In postmortem NT1 brains, we observed an 11\u2010fold increase of CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cells in the Hcrt region compared with control hypothalami, without a corresponding rise in CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cells. CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n and CD8\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cell numbers were unchanged in other hypothalamic regions, including the paraventricular nucleus and median eminence, and in extra\u2010hypothalamic areas such as the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus. Hcrt\u2010region CD4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n T\u2010cells expressed the tissue\u2010resident memory markers CD49a and CXCR6. These findings support the autoimmune hypothesis of NT1. 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