{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:03:11Z","timestamp":1790046191137,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to assess the heterogeneity in treatment effect of intensive blood pressure (BP)\u2010lowering across hematoma volume after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook a pooled analysis of individual patient data from the pivotal trials of early intensive BP\u2010lowering in ICH (the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial 4 [INTERACT4] and Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage 2 [ATACH\u20102] studies). The primary outcome was functional recovery, defined by the distribution of scores on modified Rankin scale (mRS). Secondary outcomes were hematoma expansion (HE) over 24\u2009hours, defined by absolute (&lt;0, 0\u20136, 6\u201312.5, and &gt;12.5\u2009ml) and relative HE (&lt;0, 0\u201333, 33\u201366, and &gt;66%). Generalized linear mixed models with trial as a random effect were conducted. We further assessed effect modification by hematoma volume and plotted the treatment effect curve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 6,125 individuals with available hematoma volume, intensive BP\u2010lowering improved functional recovery (odds ratio [OR] for unfavorable shift in mRS score\u2009=\u20090.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] =\u20090.82 to 0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027). In 3,897 participants with available HE, intensive BP\u2010lowering reduced the risk of absolute (OR\u2009=\u20090.88, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.78 to 0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043) and relative (OR\u2009=\u20090.88, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.78 to 0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034) HE. We found effect modification of treatment on functional outcome and absolute HE by hematoma volume (p for interaction\u2009=\u20090.043 and 0.025, respectively). U\u2010shaped curves were observed, with benefits seen in cases with hematoma volume of 7.5 to 27.5 and 7.0 to 32.5\u2009ml, respectively, both peaking at 20\u2009ml.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early intensive BP\u2010lowering improves functional outcome and reduces HE in ICH. Heterogeneity by hematoma volume indicates the importance of patient selection in future trials and clinical practice. ANN NEUROL 2026;100:171\u2013179<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T04:25:34Z","timestamp":1775103934000},"page":"171-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Across Hematoma Volume in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Pooled Analysis of the Four\n                    <scp>INTERACT<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>ATACH<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Trials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5235-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinwen","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Shanghai East Hospital  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candice","family":"Delcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  Shanghai People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thompson","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular 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