{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:04:48Z","timestamp":1789729488973,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the autoantibody profile in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)\u2010induced optic neuritis (CBON) and identify key autoantibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicenter retrospective study (January 2020\u2013June 2025), we screened 327 neuro\u2010ophthalmic patients from a bio\u2010repository of 2,321 ICI\u2010treated individuals, identifying 88 patients with CBON across 3 independent cohorts (n\u2009=\u200925, 29, and 34). Longitudinal serum samples (pre\u2010ICI, prodromal, onset, and follow\u2010up) were available for 12 patients. A matched control group of 49 ICI\u2010treated patients without neuro\u2010ophthalmic symptoms was included. Serum samples were analyzed using cell\u2010based assays for 25 neural\u2010specific IgG autoantibodies. Longitudinal samples were assessed for antibody dynamics. Correlations between serostatus and clinical features were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoantibody profiling revealed a highly focused immune response concentrated against aquaporin\u20104 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Seropositivity rates for these antibodies ranged from 17.3% to 32.4% across cohorts, whereas other neural antibodies were detected at markedly lower frequencies (&lt;12%). Longitudinal analysis demonstrated a clear seroconversion pattern, with antibodies undetectable at pre\u2010ICI baseline but emerging at symptom onset, which remained detectable during follow\u2010up in a subset of patients. These AQP4\/MOG antibodies were virtually absent in control patients (0\u20132%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study establishes AQP4 and MOG as the dominant autoantibodies in CBON, providing a serological framework for diagnosis and classification. The persistent antibody response following ICI\u2010induced seroconversion offers direction for future mechanistic investigations. ANN NEUROL 2026;100:768\u2013780<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:08:52Z","timestamp":1783145332000},"page":"768-780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>AQP4<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>MOG<\/scp>\n                    Characterize the Autoantibody Landscape of Checkpoint Blockade\u2010Induced Optic Neuritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital  Sanya Hainan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3456-0570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongluo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key 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