{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:53:46Z","timestamp":1791302026898,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009360","name":"King's College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication dose adjustments are common in treatment\u2010resistant epilepsy, but lack robust evidence, and patient\u2010reported seizure diaries have known limitations. We assessed whether ultra long\u2010term subcutaneous electroencephalogram (sqEEG) improves detection of seizure frequency changes after antiseizure medication adjustments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was carried out across 9 centers in adults with treatment\u2010resistant epilepsy. SqEEG seizure frequency was compared with seizure diaries before and after medication dose increases and reductions, over 7\u2010, 14\u2010, and 30\u2010day windows, using categorical analyses, mixed\u2010effects models and survival analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 65 participants (mean age 40.6\u2009years; 59% female) contributed &gt;280,000\u2009hours of sqEEG, 9,190 electrographic seizures and 4,850 diary events, including across 160 medication changes. Categorical disagreement between modalities ranged from 36% to 50%, with significant differences at 7 and 14\u2009days for dose reductions, and at 14\u2009days for dose increases. sqEEG recorded 2.2\u2010 to 3.4\u2010fold more seizures than diary across all seizure count models (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Seizure count models showed no statistically significant difference between modalities in detecting treatment\u2010related changes (interaction estimates: 5\u201338% larger increases with sqEEG for dose reductions, and 13\u201338% larger reductions with sqEEG for dose increases). SqEEG identified return to baseline seizure counts significantly earlier than diary after dose reductions at 7\u2010 and 14\u2010day windows (median 7 vs 13\u2009days and 10 vs 17\u2009days, respectively; adjusted p\u2009=\u20090.046 and 0.042).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SqEEG detects more seizures than patient\u2010reported diaries and identifies treatment\u2010related changes earlier, even after modest medication adjustments, particularly after dose reductions, highlighting the potential of objective ultra long\u2010term EEG monitoring in treatment\u2010resistant epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2026;100:600\u2013612<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.78305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:22:46Z","timestamp":1784550166000},"page":"600-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Monitoring Antiseizure Medication Change Using Ultra Long\u2010Term\n                    <scp>Electroencephalogram:<\/scp>\n                    A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0861-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Viana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London  London United\u00a0Kingdom"},{"name":"Center for Epilepsy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London 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Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Clinic Hietzing  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"R\u00f6ssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Tomschik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Celdr\u00e1n","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Rocamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vilella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Rubboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Epilepsy Center  Dianalund, Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of 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