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Image processing included rigorous quality control and deformation\u2010based morphometry. Voxel\u2010wise measures of cortical thickness and white matter surface displacement from a template brain were calculated. General linear models applied voxel\u2010wise tested group differences adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Additional covariates in sensitivity analyses included full\u2010scale IQ, comorbid illnesses, and medication use. Interactions of group with age and sex, as well as associations with symptom severity, were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with controls, TS participants showed extensive cortical thinning in precentral and postcentral gyri, inferior and middle frontal gyri, and inferior parietal lobule, as well as white matter surface displacement in overlapping regions. These effects remained significant after covarying for IQ, comorbidity, and medication use. Neither age nor sex significantly moderated these group differences. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom severity was associated with additional frontoparietal cortical thinning; obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder severity showed no effect. Tic symptom severity did not associate significantly with brain measures anywhere.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that cortical thinning and associated white matter reductions in TS reflect stable neurodevelopmental traits rather than transient symptom states. These cortical portions of cortico\u2010striato\u2010thalamo\u2010cortical circuits may serve as targets for future therapeutic interventions. 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