{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:05:47Z","timestamp":1790820347483,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22471226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22471226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B16029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications such as photothermal therapy and drug delivery, owing to its biocompatibility and tunable biodegradability. However, its practical use is severely limited by rapid oxidative degradation in aqueous environments. Here we report an unconventional passivation strategy in which standard, biocompatible saturated phosphate\u2010buffered saline (PBS) stabilizes BP through the in situ assembly of a dynamic phosphate hydrogen\u2010bonded network at the solid\u2013liquid interface. Mild surface oxidation of BP initiates hydrogen\u2010bond interactions with phosphate species, which spontaneously self\u2010organize under high phosphate concentrations. This adaptive network thermodynamically suppresses oxygen and water adsorption without permanent modification or coatings. As a result, BP exhibits long\u2010term stability in saturated PBS while retaining its intrinsic functional properties. Since PBS is a classical buffer in biomedicine, the stabilized dispersions require no separation or purification, allowing direct dilution for biomedical use. Beyond BP, this work suggests that phosphate hydrogen\u2010bonded network engineering can serve as a generalizable strategy for stabilizing diverse two\u2010dimensional materials in complex aqueous environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.1894063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:50:35Z","timestamp":1790819435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Phosphate Hydrogen\u2010Bonded Networks Enable Biomedical\u2010Ready Stabilization of Black Phosphorus"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Junhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Biomaterials College of Materials Xiamen University  Xiamen China"},{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujie","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cuiying Honors College Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaicheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Biomaterials College of Materials Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9552-1823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangping","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Engineering Plus College of Chemistry Fuzhou University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8707-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Biomaterials College of Materials Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6558-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingchi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymers and Biomaterials College of Materials Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3096-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Xiamen University  Xiamen China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201602172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202003338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202003069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005610\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-025-02313-8","article-title":"Black Phosphorus Nanoribbons for High\u2010Performance Transistors and Photodetectors","volume":"24","author":"Chen C. X.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201058886\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2019.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010021\u201000952\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201034482\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00150C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00007B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010025\u201002022\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb4359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2018.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201046003\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010018\u20100230\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201006437\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201712675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202101648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00821G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202100113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202410300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201708211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202016033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202416992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202505146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201700152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.159566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202531994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202311575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201605168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201809989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.8b05641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202508454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2024.117113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b01143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr8003828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c12699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2025.111847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202008646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CP05126H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CE01492A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201703197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0927\u20100256(96)00008\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103093(93)90104\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.59.1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099\u20101395(199904)12:4<265::AID\u2010POC124>3.0.CO;2\u2010O"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.21.4427"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.1894063","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anie.1894063","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.1894063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:50:37Z","timestamp":1790819437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.1894063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.1894063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.1894063","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1894063"}}