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NPs, approximately 5\u201310\u2005nm in size, and possessing distinct surface charges, were synthesized using phosphonate (neutral), ammonium (cationic), and carboxylate (anionic) ligands as end functional groups. Assessment of a cartilage defect in a human cadaver distal metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint with the ammonium nanoparticles showed good visualization of damage and preferential uptake in areas surrounding the defect. Finally, an optimized nontoxic cationic NP contrast agent was evaluated in an in\u2005vivo murine model and the cartilage was imaged. These nanoparticles represent a new type of contrast agent for imaging articular cartilage, and the results demonstrate the importance of surface charge in the design of nanoparticulate agents for targeting the surface or interior zones of articular cartilage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201404519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T15:31:36Z","timestamp":1404228696000},"page":"8406-8410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Tantalum Oxide Nanoparticles for the Imaging of Articular Cartilage Using X\u2010Ray Computed Tomography: Visualization of Ex\u2005Vivo\/In\u2005Vivo Murine Tibia and Ex\u2005Vivo Human Index Finger Cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrvoje","family":"Lusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Grinstaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b502142c"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920012798356880"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b517613c"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15229k"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201300081"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.11.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200358s"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CS15248C"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9003538"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1CS15237H"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja200120k"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_2","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.8933"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e318260fc40"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn300928g"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc03302b"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja3016582"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_2","volume-title":"Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Mechano\u2010Biology","author":"Mow V. 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