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Such nitriles are produced by both Gram\u2010positive Micromonospora echinospora and Gram\u2010negative Pseudomonas veronii bacteria, although the structures differ. A variable sequence of chain elongation and dehydration in the fatty acid biosynthesis leads to either unbranched saturated or unsaturated nitriles with an \u03c9\u22127 double bond, such as (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u201011\u2010octadecenenitrile, or methyl\u2010branched unsaturated nitriles with the double bond located at C\u20103, such as (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u201013\u2010methyltetradec\u20103\u2010enenitrile. The nitrile biosynthesis starts from fatty acids, which are converted into their amides and finally dehydrated. The structures and biosyntheses of the 19\u2005naturally occurring compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry, synthesis, and feeding experiments with deuterium\u2010labeled precursors. 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