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This reaction was repeated 117 years later when it was discovered that Na(OCP) and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> are the products of this remarkable transformation. Li(OCP) was synthesized and fully characterized in 1992 but this salt proved to be too unstable to allow for a detailed investigation of its chemistry. It was not until the heavier analogues of this lithium salt were isolated, Na(OCP) and K(OCP) (both of which are remarkably stable and can be even dissolved in water), that the chemistry of this new functional group could be explored. Here we review the chemistry of the 2\u2010phosphaethynolate anion, a heavier phosphorus\u2010containing analogue of the cyanate anion, and describe the wide breadth of chemical transformations for which it has been thus far employed. Its use as a ligand, in decarbonylative and deoxygenative processes, and as a building block for novel heterocycles is described. In the mere twenty\u2010six years since Becker first reported the isolation of this remarkable anion, it has become a fascinating reagent for the synthesis of a vast library of, often unprecedented, molecules and compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201803888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T08:04:39Z","timestamp":1526544279000},"page":"16968-16994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["The Chemistry of the 2\u2010Phosphaethynolate Anion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7311-1663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose M.","family":"Goicoechea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory  12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1531-8906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hansj\u00f6rg","family":"Gr\u00fctzmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Applied Biology ETH Z\u00fcrich  8093 Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","first-page":"229","volume":"16","author":"Shober W. 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