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Herein, we use two\u2010color valence\u2010to\u2010core X\u2010ray emission spectroscopy (VtC XES) to identify protonation events across three oxidation states of the O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010activating, radical\u2010initiating manganese\u2013iron heterodinuclear cofactor in a class I\u2010c ribonucleotide reductase. This is the first application of VtC XES to an enzyme intermediate and the first simultaneous measurement of two\u2010color VtC spectra. In contrast to more conventional methods of assessing protonation state, VtC XES is a more direct probe applicable to a wide range of metalloenzyme systems. These data, coupled to insight provided by DFT calculations, allow the inorganic cores of the Mn<jats:sup>IV<\/jats:sup>Fe<jats:sup>IV<\/jats:sup> and Mn<jats:sup>IV<\/jats:sup>Fe<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup> states of the enzyme to be assigned as Mn<jats:sup>IV<\/jats:sup>(\u03bc\u2010O)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Fe<jats:sup>IV<\/jats:sup> and Mn<jats:sup>IV<\/jats:sup>(\u03bc\u2010O)(\u03bc\u2010OH)Fe<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup>, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201807366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T05:49:48Z","timestamp":1533620988000},"page":"12754-12758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Two\u2010Color Valence\u2010to\u2010Core X\u2010ray Emission Spectroscopy Tracks Cofactor Protonation State in a Class I Ribonucleotide Reductase"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1257-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Martinie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University  318 Chemistry Building University Park PA 16802 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Blaesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University  318 Chemistry Building University Park PA 16802 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0751-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"J. 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