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Having coevolved with the host, bacteria developed adaptive pathways like the hemin\u2010uptake system to avoid iron deficiency. Inspired by this, we propose a novel strategy, termed iron nutritional immunity therapy (INIT), utilizing Ga\u2010CT@P nanocomposites constructed with gallium, copper\u2010doped tetrakis (4\u2010carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) metal\u2013organic framework, and polyamine\u2010amine polymer dots, to target bacterial iron intakes and starve them. Owing to the similarity between iron\/hemin and gallium\/TCPP, gallium\u2010incorporated porphyrin potentially deceives bacteria into uptaking gallium ions and concurrently extracts iron ions from the surrounding bacteria milieu through the porphyrin ring. This strategy orchestrates a \u201cgive and take\u201d approach for Ga<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\/Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> exchange. Simultaneously, polymer dots can impede bacterial iron metabolism and serve as real\u2010time fluorescent iron\u2010sensing probes to continuously monitor dynamic iron restriction status. INIT based on Ga\u2010CT@P nanocomposites induced long\u2010term iron starvation, which affected iron\u2010sulfur cluster biogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism, ultimately facilitating biofilm eradication and tissue regeneration. Therefore, this study presents an innovative antibacterial strategy from a nutritional perspective that sheds light on refractory bacterial infection treatment and its future clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202319690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T02:15:01Z","timestamp":1707272101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Breaking Iron Homeostasis: Iron Capturing Nanocomposites for Combating Bacterial Biofilm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Wenyue","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering School and Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University  Changchun 130021 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and 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