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However, the complexity of clinical samples that often contain very low viral concentrations makes it a huge challenge to develop simple diagnostic devices that do not require any sample processing and yet are capable of meeting performance metrics such as very high sensitivity and specificity. Herein we describe a new single\u2010pot and single\u2010step electrochemical method that uses real\u2010time kinetic profiling of the interaction between a high\u2010affinity aptamer and an antigen on a viral surface. This method generates many data points per sample, which when combined with machine learning, can deliver highly accurate test results in a short testing time. We demonstrate this concept using both SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and Influenza A viruses as model viruses with specifically engineered high\u2010affinity aptamers. Utilizing this technique to diagnose COVID\u201019 with 37 real human saliva samples results in a sensitivity and specificity of both 100\u2009% (27 true negatives and 10 true positives, with 0 false negative and 0 false positive), which showcases the superb diagnostic precision of this method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202400413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T03:18:52Z","timestamp":1709954332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["High\u2010Precision Viral Detection Using Electrochemical Kinetic Profiling of Aptamer\u2010Antigen Recognition in Clinical Samples and Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Payel","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadman","family":"Sakib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wantong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bal Ram","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Motsenyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"L'Heureux\u2010Hache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jann C.","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences McMaster University  Canada"},{"name":"McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University  Canada"},{"name":"Michael G. 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