{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:22:29Z","timestamp":1792092149933,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A5A1025208 and 2019R1A2C3005530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A5A1025208 and 2019R1A2C3005530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birefringent crystals have essential applications in optical communication areas. Low\u2010dimensional structures with inherited structural anisotropy are potential systems for investigating birefringent materials with large birefringence. In this work, the zero\u2010dimensional (0D) [(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>NO)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>ZnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>) and [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>NO]<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>[ZnCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>] (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>) were obtained by introducing the \u03c0\u2010conjugated <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010C<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>NO (4HP) into the three\u2010dimensional (3D) ZnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Remarkably, <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold> exhibits a giant birefringence of 0.482@546\u2005nm, which is the largest among Zn\u2010based ultraviolet (UV) compounds and 160\u2005times that of ZnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. According to structural and theoretical calculation analyses, the large optical polarizability, high spatial density, ideal distribution of the [(4HP)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>ZnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>]<jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup> cluster, and the low dimension of <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold> result in the dramatically increased birefringence compared to ZnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. This work will provide a valid route for accelerating the design and synthesis of compounds with excellent birefringence in low\u2010dimensional systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T08:14:54Z","timestamp":1719389694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Breaking Boundaries: Giant Ultraviolet Birefringence in Dimension\u2010Reduced Zn\u2010Based Crystals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sogang University  Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7195-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang Min","family":"Ok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sogang University  Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5462.2451"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-017-0002-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2021.214380"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC05770D"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202315311"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.23.001980"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0248(98)00162-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-4018(99)00091-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAB.14.003319"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.41.000416"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_2","first-page":"10","volume":"4481","author":"DeShazer L. G.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Polariz. Anal. Meas. IV."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00666"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.2c00114"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC03495F"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202014279"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202318976"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c03278"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SC00836G"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.8b00085"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c01740"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.5b01649"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c03296"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-017-1803-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b13280"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b08851"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c00959"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SC02569E"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_35_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00691C"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2023.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201805759"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202003594"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_40_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308884"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1497384"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_43_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3QI01213A"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0ME00019A"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202304333"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_48_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201803482"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b10009"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00941-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202303711"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201606782"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_54_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b06519"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-021-1998-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202106812"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja412405u"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_59_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c11162"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC06683E"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b05943"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c00959"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_64_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201802058"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6b02044"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202008346"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_68_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic402667m"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b04272"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic902493r"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic062103"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic901064q"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_74_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1524\/ncrs.1998.213.14.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_76_2","first-page":"117","volume":"23","author":"Gu C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci. Heilongjiang Univ."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_77_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6QI00467A"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-523450-4.50005-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_80_1","unstructured":"Deposition numbers 2339182 (for1) and 2353731 (for2) contain the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data are provided free of charge by the joint Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre and Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe Access Structures service."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_81_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_82_2","unstructured":"SAINT Version 7.60\u2005A Bruker Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc. Madison WI2008;"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889808042726"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889802022112"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssc.2021.114573"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_86_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1524\/zkri.220.5.567.65075"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.51.1888"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_90_2","unstructured":"M.\u2005J. Frisch G.\u2005W. Trucks H.\u2005B. Schlegel G.\u2005E. Scuseria M.\u2005A. Robb J.\u2005R. Cheeseman G. Scalmani V. Barone B. Mennucci G.\u2005A. Petersson H. Nakatsuji M. Caricato X. Li H.\u2005P. Hratchian A.\u2005F. Izmaylov J. Bloino G. Zheng J.\u2005L. Sonnenberg M. Hada M. Ehara K. Toyota R. Fukuda J. Hasegawa M. Ishida T. Nakajima Y. Honda O. Kitao H. Nakai T. Vreven J.\u2005A. Montgomery\u2005Jr. J.\u2005E. Peralta F. Ogliaro M. Bearpark J.\u2005J. Heyd E. Brothers K.\u2005N. Kudin V.\u2005N. Staroverov R. Kobayashi J. Normand K. Raghavachari A. Rendell J.\u2005C. Burant S.\u2005S. Iyengar J. Tomasi M. Cossi N. Rega J.\u2005M. Millam M. Klene J.\u2005E. Knox J.\u2005B. Cross V. Bakken C. Adamo J. Jaramillo R. Gomperts R.\u2005E. Stratmann O. Yazyev A.\u2005J. Austin R. Cammi C. Pomelli J.\u2005W. Ochterski R.\u2005L. Martin K. Morokuma V.\u2005G. Zakrzewski G.\u2005A. Voth P. Salvador J.\u2005J. Dannenberg S. Dapprich A.\u2005D. Daniels \u00d6. Farkas J.\u2005B. Foresman J.\u2005V. Ortiz J. Cioslowski D.\u2005J. Fox Gaussian Inc. Wallingford CT2009;"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0007045"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.1c01533"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6b02044"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3QI02107F"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solidstatesciences.2019.105940"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c11162"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c03059"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503951"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c00876"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.3c00239"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja4117389"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9QI01122F"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.4c00442"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202202096"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.2c00385"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0248(98)00162-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202203000"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202101308"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CE00279K"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-4018(99)00091-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.cgd.0c01741"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.0c00284"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CE00094A"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.1c01808"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1DT00793A"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.202409336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T06:51:05Z","timestamp":1741762265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.202409336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.202409336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202409336","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202409336"}}