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The platform builds on a previously published technique for molding hydrogel microneedles by developing a composite hydrogel (i.e., PEGDA and polyacrylamide) that is sufficiently stiff to penetrate skin in the hydrated state and whose fluorescence changes dynamically\u2013via a conjugated aptamer\u2013depending on level of analyte. In a demonstration relevant to hypercalcemia, the hydrogel microneedle distinguished varying concentrations of calcium (within a range of 0 to 2\u2005mM, which spans physiologically meaningful variations for hypoparathyroidism) within 10\u2005minutes. In rats, a compact CMOS sensor measuring fluorescence from microneedles distinguished low hypercalcemic (1.7\u2005mM) from high hypercalcemic (2.3\u2005mM) ionized calcium levels as determined from reference blood measurements. Overall, this work demonstrates in vivo feasibility of a concept\u2013which we call mPatch\u2013for an optical hydrogel microneedle to measure small changes in levels of analytes in interstitial fluid, which does not rely on extraction of interstitial fluid out of the dermis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202414871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T13:43:45Z","timestamp":1733233425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["mPatch: A Wearable Hydrogel Microneedle Patch for\n                    <i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    Optical Sensing of Calcium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Vira","family":"Behnam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York NY 10027 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika M.","family":"McManamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York NY 10027 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah G.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York NY 10027 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Aldana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York NY 10027 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nenad","family":"Milosavi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan N.","family":"Stojanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishaela R.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Endocrinology Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY 10032 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0230-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Sia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University  New York NY 10027 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac402688k"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0170-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.7b00642"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-022-00998-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1808"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.483"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02887"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","first-page":"2021","author":"Ming D. 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