{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:26:09Z","timestamp":1792002369215,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3602702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3602702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52173180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52173180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state materials, which possess weak donor\u2010acceptor (D\u2013A) pure organic structures, deserve one of the most promising efficient and stable blue emitters. Through high\u2010lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process, 75\u2009% triplet excitons generated by electrical excitation could be harvested and utilized in organic light\u2010emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, there are still significant challenges to achieve high\u2010efficiency ultra\u2010deep\u2010blue HLCT emitters with low Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinate y values. Here, a series of novel blue HLCT emitters based on spiro[1,8\u2010diazafluorene\u20109,2\u2032\u2010imidazole] structure were designed and synthesized by fine\u2010tuning the spiro[fluorene\u20109,2\u2032\u2010imidazole] core structure in our previous work through heteroatom substitution and hyperconjugation effect. The target emitters were endowed with excellent photophysical and electrochemical merits, thermal stability and solution processibility. The solution\u2010processed OLED based on 4\u2032,5\u2032\u2010bis(4\u2010(9\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carbazol\u20109\u2010yl)phenyl)spiro[1,8\u2010diazafluorene\u20109,2\u2032\u2010imidazole] (\n                    <jats:bold>NFIP\u2010CZ<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) achieved efficient ultra\u2010deep\u2010blue emission (CIE\n                    <jats:sub>x,y<\/jats:sub>\n                    =0.1581, 0.0422) with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), maximum current efficiency (CE\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and maximum power efficiency (PE\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 11.94\u2009%, 4.07\u2005cd\u2009\u22c5\u2009A\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 2.56\u2005lm\u2009\u22c5\u2009W\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The record EQE is a breakthrough in both solution\u2010processed and vacuum vapor deposition ultra\u2010deep\u2010blue HLCT OLEDs currently.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202414905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T23:06:14Z","timestamp":1726182374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Hybrid Local and Charge Transfer Emitters Utilizing Hyperconjugation Effect Towards Solution\u2010Processed Ultra\u2010Deep\u2010Blue OLEDs with External Quantum Efficiency Approaching 12\u2009%"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5347-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanxin","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4132-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7992-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4835-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianggao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9942-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University  Tianjin 300072 China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)  Tianjin 300072 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201301750"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.98799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC00204A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00391C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-6779(97)04166-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01529-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202103293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202216473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c02756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202005630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201700453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC04464J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202200029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0695-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202213697"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201401476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0710-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2018.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2019.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2020.108317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2021.109712"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2022.110391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2QM01008A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","first-page":"6563","volume":"26","author":"Lu T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201701292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201800342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TC00406A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2022.110623"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202102588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202305182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b03142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39697-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC01133D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC02355K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC05469J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.0c00960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202108540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c24285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202112969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.135911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TC01280D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TC00574G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202300195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2018.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC02941F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TC01766K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TC04421H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TC01349A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202100965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2022.110676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2QO01807A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2018.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CC07139F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b04566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b12971"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202305310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201902116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NJ00959F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2016.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2017.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201701371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C0SC00331J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.2c01917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TC02896D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CP03500F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/zna-1955-0707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.29.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0104(84)80014-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b04611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202200450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","first-page":"326","volume":"34","author":"Li Q.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Geophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202103012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_103_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.154659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TC01771D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202305182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37188\/CJL.20220334"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.202414905","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anie.202414905","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.202414905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:09:28Z","timestamp":1790784568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.202414905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.202414905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202414905","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202414905"}}