{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:50:29Z","timestamp":1793364629810,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The conventional industrial synthesis of formic acid is an energy\u2010intensive process that contributes to the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    footprint. As an alternative method, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR) to formic acid has emerged as a viable means to reduce atmospheric CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations and advance the energy transition to a circular, carbon\u2010neutral economy. Despite considerable progress in this field, the scale\u2010up of electrolyzers from laboratory prototypes to commercial\u2010scale production remains an important challenge. Thus, this technoeconomic analysis provides a detailed evaluation of the economic viability of upscaling the electrolyzer size to an industrial level, determining whether the eCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR process can economically compete with the conventional industrial production of formic acid. The proposed technoeconomic assessment employs a bottom\u2010up approach based on realistic cost models using the three most successful designs: dual flow (DF), direct formic acid production (DFAP), and zero\u2010gap (ZG) electrolyzers. The results from this study underscore the necessity of implementing multiple\u2010cell stacking to economically compete with established industrial processes. Among the three studied designs, DFAP and, to a certain extent, DF are promising. Although the scalability of the DFAP electrolyzer may initially appear inadequate, it holds potential for commercial application, particularly if technical improvements in the center compartment and solid\u2010state electrolyte are materialized.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202418114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T02:11:16Z","timestamp":1751508676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Technoeconomic Perspective on the Electroreduction of CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    to Formic Acid: Scale\u2010Up Strategies Toward Industrial Viability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Urbain","family":"Nzotcha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy and Technology \u2013 Fundamental Electrochemistry (IET\u20101) Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  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