{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T05:36:27Z","timestamp":1791956187650,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 22274084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 22274084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010029","name":"Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.tsqn 201909088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.tsqn 201909088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The electrochemical disinfection mechanism primarily relies on a high\u2010voltage pulsed electric field and electrocatalytic generation of highly oxidative radicals but suffers from shortcomings of either high voltages (dozens of kV) or significant gas supply. This study proposes an\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    electrocatalytic sterilization strategy that forms localized alkaline microenvironments in neutral electrolytes under a constant current of \u221212\u2005mA at a relatively lower voltage (\u22120.5\u2005V vs. RHE). The nanowire cathode surface can effectively adsorb hydronium ions (H\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) from the solution during H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    evolution, leading to a rapid increase in hydroxide ions (OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) concentration in the surrounding solution. This leads to a high diffusion zone of OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    , creating a localized alkaline microenvironment. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and finite element analysis (FEA) reveal that the nanowire\u2010derived tip\u2010enhanced effect significantly enhances OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    accumulation around the cathode, effectively inactivating\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) at 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2005CFU\/mL within 3 minutes at \u22120.5\u2005V. The resulting increase in OH\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    concentration drives rapid sterilization by inhibiting bacterial ATP synthesis and inducing oxidative stress. This method can efficiently inactivate microorganisms in a short time, while having minimal impact on the overall pH of the environment, making it a safe and environmentally friendly approach.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202424067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T06:43:06Z","timestamp":1738910586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Localized Alkaline Microenvironments Enhanced upon Tip Effects for Efficient Antibacterial Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Junrong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Life Sciences Qingdao University  Qingdao 266071 P.R. 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