{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T19:10:59Z","timestamp":1791573059625,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52271222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52271222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51902301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51902301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22379096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22379096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY21E020006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY21E020006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21010503100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21010503100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23DZ1202500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23DZ1202500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Challenges like hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite formation on zinc anodes hinder the practical application of aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs), primarily due to the lack of an exceptional passivating solid\u2010electrolyte interphase (SEI). To effectively prevent water decomposition, it is essential to in situ construct SEI prior to water reduction. This study shifts the focus from aprotic to protic SEI chemistry and predicts reduction potentials of mild protic compounds using thermodynamics. Based on this insight, mild protic 2\u2010mercapto\u20101\u2010methylimidazole (MMI) is introduced and found to be reduced prior to water at higher electrode potentials, as MMI exhibits slightly higher proton activity than water due to its thiol group. The reduction of MMI produces isothiocyanate species via a proposed electrocatalytic ring cleavage mechanism, which deposit on zinc anodes to form an SEI predominantly composed of organic compounds supplemented with Zn(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Benefiting from the unique advantage of preferential reduction before water, the MMI\u2010derived SEI exhibits a superior passivating effect, as evidenced by a two\u2010order\u2010of\u2010magnitude reduction in corrosion current of zinc anodes from 1170\u2005\u03bcA\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 13.6\u2005\u03bcA\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The SEI effectively suppresses HER, and ensures dendrite\u2010free zinc deposition, leading to high reversible zinc anodes with exceptional electrochemical performances.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202424642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T07:14:02Z","timestamp":1740208442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Enabling Solid\u2010Electrolyte Interphase Formation Prior to Water Reduction in Aqueous Zinc Batteries by Mild Protic Chemistry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Taiqiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai 200093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai 200093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai 200093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai 200093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuepeng","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai 200093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6614-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyou","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and Technology  Shanghai 200093 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202318063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918-024-00227-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2023.100093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202410422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2020.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2023.100096"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/batteries9050284"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202407909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EE01098H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2023.100153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201801090"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE00596J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2024.145059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00905-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE01851E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.7b00163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202103390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202109749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE00308A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202202603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-023-2912-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2020.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-5427-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0063-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13436-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202106180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210197"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.2c02236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500003w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2017.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201801513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030203g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","unstructured":"J.W. Zheng O. Lafontant-Joseph 2024 IUPAC Digitized pKa Dataset Zenodo v2.2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7236453."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp984369a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","volume":"4","author":"Zhang L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Escience"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2011.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c04607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2010.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2013.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FD00087A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202110957"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106752"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.corsci.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2017.09.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202301517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30939-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202302701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-0674-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2021.100646"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.202424642","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anie.202424642","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.202424642","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T09:19:49Z","timestamp":1771147189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.202424642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.202424642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202424642","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202424642"}}