{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:37:26Z","timestamp":1785843446951,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001348","name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(A*STAR) RIE2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(A*STAR) RIE2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Metal catalysts for the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction reaction (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR) face challenges such as high cost, limited durability, and environmental impact. Although various structurally diverse and functional metal\u2010free catalysts have been developed, they often suffer from slow kinetics, low selectivity, and nonrecyclability, significantly limiting their practical applications. In this study, we introduce a recyclable nonmetallic polymer material (vitrimer) as a catalyst for a new platform in contact\u2010electrocatalysis. This approach harnesses the contact charges generated between water droplets and vitrimer to drive CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR, achieving methanol selectivity exceeding 90%. The imine groups within the vitrimer play a dual role, facilitating CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    adsorption and enriching friction\u2010generated electrons, thereby mediating efficient electron transfer between the imine groups and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    to promote CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR. After 84\u00a0h of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    RR, the system achieved a methanol production rate of 13 nmol\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , demonstrating the excellent stability of the method. Moreover, the vitrimer retains its high\u2010performance electrocatalytic activity even after recycling. Mechanistic studies reveal that, compared to traditional metal catalysts, the N\u2500O bond in the imine, which adsorbs the key intermediate *OCH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , breaks more readily to produce methanol, resulting in enhanced product selectivity and yield. This efficient and environmentally friendly contact\u2010electroreduction strategy for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    offers a promising pathway toward a circular carbon economy by leveraging natural water droplet\u2010based contact\u2010electrochemistry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202500222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:45:35Z","timestamp":1741740335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Situ High Selectivity Contact\u2010Electroreduction of CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    to Methanol Using an Imine\u2010Mediated Metal\u2010Free Vitrimer Catalyst"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Nannan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Republic of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haisong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  1 Fusionopolis Way, #16\u201016 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Republic of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  1 Fusionopolis Way, #16\u201016 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Hadjichristidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polymer Synthesis Laboratory KAUST Catalysis Center Physical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)  Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR)  2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08\u201003 Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore  9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 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