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Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are a significant class of commercial chemicals, but their secondary conversion in the atmosphere remains largely unknown. Herein, by combining laboratory and in\u2010field experiments, we have identified a new conversion pathway that the CVOCs can be photochemically transformed into polychlorinated dibenzo\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD\/Fs) on mineral dust particulates under atmospheric conditions. We showed that mineral components, particularly Fe\u2010 and Al\u2010related oxides, can efficiently convert monochlorobenzene, dichloromethane, and perchloroethylene into PCDD\/Fs under light irradiation. By combing reaction product measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we found that the \u03b1\u2010Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibited much higher propensity for dioxin formation than \u03b3\u2010Al\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , as evidenced by its lower reaction energy barriers for both the initial phenol formation and subsequent chlorination processes. In particular, histopathological assays showed the photochemically\u2010reacted \u03b1\u2010Fe\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    can cause severe damage to the lung and brain tissues of mice, underscoring the need to reassess the toxicity of commercial CVOCs and their secondary transformation products.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202500854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T11:15:11Z","timestamp":1745320511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Uncovering the Photochemical Conversion of Atmospheric Chlorinated Organics on Mineral Dust: In\u2010Field Evidence of a New Source of Dioxin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Meiling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310058 P.R. 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