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Here, we present deformable hollow IrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanospheres (\n                    <jats:italic>dh<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010IrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) as a structural\u2010engineered catalyst architecture that achieves an ultralow Ir packing density (20% of conventional IrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticle\u2010based electrodes) while maintaining high catalytic activity and durability at reduced Ir loadings. Scalable synthesis of\n                    <jats:italic>dh<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010IrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    via a hard\u2010template method\u2014featuring precise SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanosphere templating and conformal Ir(OH)\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    coating\u2014enables batch production of tens of grams. Through cavity dimension and shell thickness optimization,\n                    <jats:italic>dh<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010IrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    demonstrates excellent mechanical resilience to necessary electrode fabrication stresses, including high\u2010shear agitation, ultrasonic processing and hot\u2010pressing. In the anode catalyst layer, the quasi\u2010ordered close packing of\n                    <jats:italic>dh<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010IrO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanospheres simultaneously maximizes electrochemically active surface area, suppresses particle migration and agglomeration, and establishes percolated electron highways and rapid mass transport channels. The architected anode delivers high PEMWE performance (e.g., 1\u00a0A\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    @1.60\u00a0V and 2\u00a0A\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    @1.75\u00a0V@80\u00a0\u00b0C), while demonstrating excellent operational durability with\u00a0&lt;1.5% voltage loss over 3000\u00a0h.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202504531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T02:45:16Z","timestamp":1741833916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Highly Efficient and Durable Anode Catalyst Layer Constructed with Deformable Hollow IrO\n                    <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    Nanospheres in Low\u2010Iridium PEM Water Electrolyzer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University  Changchun 130012 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University  Changchun 130012 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo  Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimin A.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics 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