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Tuning the V\n                    <jats:sub>O<\/jats:sub>\n                    structures beyond its density is of great significance for optimizing catalytic performance, but remains challenging due to uncontrolled reduction and its poor stability under reaction conditions. Here, we report that the integration of quantum size effect for enhanced In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    reducibility with strong In\u2013O\u2013Zr interfacial confinement for high stability enables the creation of stable large\u2010size V\n                    <jats:sub>O<\/jats:sub>\n                    clusters (e.g., trimers, tetramers, and larger) on ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010supported monolayer In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3\u2010<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    nano\u2010islands with high density without overreduction to metallic indium. In the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hydrogenation reaction, the ZrO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010supported monolayer In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3\u2010<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    catalyst with V\n                    <jats:sub>O<\/jats:sub>\n                    clusters exhibits a considerably higher intrinsic activity for methanol production than that of bulk In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    with single V\n                    <jats:sub>O<\/jats:sub>\n                    sites. Further addition of Pd onto these monolayer In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3\u2010<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    with enriched V\n                    <jats:sub>O<\/jats:sub>\n                    clusters allows achieving an unprecedentedly high methanol space\u2010time yield of 46.6 mmol\n                    <jats:sub>MeOH<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00b7g\n                    <jats:sub>cat<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 270\u00a0\u00b0C along with long\u2010term stability for at least 200\u00a0h, surpassing all In\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010based catalysts reported to date.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202508091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T22:47:05Z","timestamp":1748472425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Interfacial\u2010Confined Oxygen Vacancy Clusters in ZrO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010Supported In\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    O\n                    <sub>3\u2010<\/sub>\n                    <i>\n                      <sub>x<\/sub>\n                    <\/i>\n                    Catalysts Boost Methanol Production From CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry School of Chemistry and Materials Science Collaborative 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