{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:31:21Z","timestamp":1786977081050,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"44","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22072084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22072084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFA1205502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1205502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rhodamine derivatives exhibiting inverted open\u2010closed form fluorescence behavior redefines conventional photochemical paradigms while illuminating new structure\u2013property relationships and fascinating application potentials. Herein, we report a donor\u2013acceptor engineering strategy that activates closed form emission in rhodamines, achieving unprecedented Stokes shifts (&gt;280\u00a0nm) while overcoming aggregation\u2010caused quenching. The new class of rhodamines with inverted open\u2010close form emission behavior are created through simultaneous substitution of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010diethyl groups with indole (donor) and conversion of spiro\u2010lactam to benzene sulfonamide (acceptor). The closed structure was verified by single crystal X\u2010ray diffraction and the intramolecular spatial steric hinderance increased after indole substitution, which avoids exciton coupling and leads to bright fluorescence in solid state (absolute quantum yield&gt;25%). Density functional theory calculations confirmed inverted intramolecular charge\u2010transfer (ICT) characteristics of the synthesized dyes versus rhodamine B, where moderate ICT gives higher fluorescence and strong ICT quenches fluorescence. Leveraging the unique photophysical properties of the novel rhodamines, a closed\u2010loop plastic recycling scheme is proposed, where the dye in closed state is used for fluorescence tracing and the labelled unrecyclable plastics are utilized as encryption ink after acid treatment (open state). This finding highlighted a new insight for engineering fluorescence of rhodamine dyes and contributes to plastics sustainability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202514295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T07:42:17Z","timestamp":1757490137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inverting the Rhodamine Paradigm: Closed\u2010Form Fluorescence with 280 nm Stokes Shift Drives Plastic Circularity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Qiuping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Concept Sensors and Molecular Materials Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloids Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ShaanXi Normal University  Xi'an 710062 P.R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Concept Sensors and Molecular Materials Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloids Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ShaanXi Normal University  Xi'an 710062 P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of New Concept Sensors and Molecular Materials Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloids Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ShaanXi Normal University  Xi'an 710062 P.R. 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