{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:15:22Z","timestamp":1787066122266,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23JCZDJC01110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JCZDJC01110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Angew Chem Int Ed"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two\u2010dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, characterized by unique electronic structures and anisotropic properties, have found diverse and promising applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. The spatial dimension, a critical structural factor of 2D nanomaterials, plays a key role in shaping their electrochemical performances. In various electrochemical reactions, 2D monodispersed and three\u2010dimensional (3D) interconnected architectures exhibit differing advantages, yet both are essential for achieving optimal properties. Nevertheless, the compatible synthesis of 2D\/3D architectures with analogous surface states remains a grand challenge for present nanosheet fabrication methods. The emerging soluble\u2010salt\u2010template method is prized for its flexibility in artificially controlling the 2D\/3D spatial structures of the obtained homogeneous nanosheets. This work first provides a comprehensive summary of the dominant drying and conversion techniques employed in soluble\u2010salt\u2010template synthesis, unveils its mechanisms for modulating spatial dimensions and pore structures, and identifies critical process factors that significantly influence the final structural properties of the resulting products. Then, representative 2D\/3D multiscale nanomaterials comprised of nanosheets using the soluble\u2010salt\u2010template method are categorized, and their potential applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion are highlighted. Finally, we discuss existing technical hurdles, outline future research focuses, and explore new development trends for this specialized fabrication technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202514626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T14:08:46Z","timestamp":1771769326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Soluble\u2010Salt\u2010Template Synthesis of Nanosheets With Tunable Two\u2010\/Three\u2010Dimensional Architectures for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"National Industry\u2010Education Platform of Energy Storage Tianjin University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naiqin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"National Industry\u2010Education Platform of Energy Storage Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunnian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"National Industry\u2010Education Platform of Energy Storage Tianjin University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precious Metal Functional Materials Tianjin University  Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin University Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn400280c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac9439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3866\/PKU.WHXB202108017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010021\u201000971\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565\u2010018\u20100061\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn2030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201017120\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102375\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201304138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010018\u20100181\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201907818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202105812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201706426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar500346b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202201416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596\u2010021\u201000643\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2023.100117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c05057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202411255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201911135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2019.100796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn401059h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn406105n"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201803694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202316116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn506850e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA04646G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtener.2022.100993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c02713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2024.103655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR04786J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b00364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201700358"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA07425A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2025.126275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b00292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202006824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA12040D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA06401J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202109899"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c01640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2022.02.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA03021E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA01936J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.2c00873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TA05710E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b02386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202401238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TA02565J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010019\u201012859\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202006089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.07.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR06609H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.102830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2018.07.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2023.102893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b12978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010022\u201001175\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010023\u201001041\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE00039F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb9554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nenergy.2016.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2204666119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202202476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6873"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010023\u201001066\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201805334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201017199\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201037406\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010019\u20100355\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311149120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201801538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201041423\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010021\u201000741\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010023\u201001067\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.04.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201063117\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201063648\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/idm2.12020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2022.232522"}],"container-title":["Angewandte Chemie International Edition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.202514626","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/anie.202514626","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/anie.202514626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:40:41Z","timestamp":1775536841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.202514626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/anie.202514626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202514626","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7851","1521-3773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7851","type":"print"},{"value":"1521-3773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14626"}}