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Therefore, we need to find alternative routes to produce chemical building blocks, such as aromatics, which are used in products like, for example, fuels. In this study, we investigated a two\u2010stage route to produce benzene from CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In two sequential reactions, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is first converted into methane over a Ni\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalyst, and methane is further reacted to yield benzene using a Mo\/ZSM\u20105 catalyst via the methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) reaction. Through a combination of thermodynamic calculations and experiments, we found the goldilocks conditions for performing this two\u2010stage process. The unreacted CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    from the first reaction extended the benzene production in the second reaction. Using a reaction mixture of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    resulted in benzene production of at least 72\u00a0h, by suppressing carbon growth on the catalyst surface. However, the concentration range in which CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    can be added to the feed without losing benzene production is narrow, as we show with H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    fluctuation experiments. We demonstrate that the combination of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    methanation and MDA allows us to catalytically convert CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    into benzene with an overall yield of 5%.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202517563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:22:53Z","timestamp":1761070973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Two\u2010Stage Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide Into Aromatics Via Methane"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Josepha J. G.","family":"Kromwijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry Utrecht University  Universiteitsweg 99 Utrecht 3584 CG the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela E. 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