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However, the high energy barrier for water dissociation and inappropriate hydrogen adsorption energy often hinders their catalytic efficiency. To address these challenges, Ru\u2010Fe\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    @CNF with abundant twin boundaries has been rationally designed based on synergistic relay catalysis principles. Experimental results combined with mechanistic analysis demonstrate that the electron\u2010deficient Fe\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    can accelerate water dissociation, and the resulting protons can rapidly spill over to Ru due to a smaller work function difference, subsequently, the Ru with moderate \u0394G\n                    <jats:sub>H*<\/jats:sub>\n                    facilitates hydrogen evolution. Notably, Ru\u2010Fe\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    @CNF with twin\u2010boundary defects and charge redistribution induced by the heterointerface optimizes the adsorption energy and enhances the intrinsic activity of each functional site. As expected, this catalyst exhibits enhanced HER performance that is superior to commercial Pt\/C. Moreover, the assembled anion exchange membrane water electrolysis utilizing Ru\u2010Fe\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    C\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    @CNF\/\/NiFe LDH operates at a voltage of 1.67\u00a0V at a current density of 0.5 A\u00a0cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and maintains remarkable stability over 300\u00a0h. This work offers a valuable strategy for the rational design of multisite electrocatalysts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202517861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:52:29Z","timestamp":1761663149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Multi\u2010site Relay Catalysts with Regulating Intrinsic Activity of each Functional Site for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Bowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Smart Intelligent and Wearable Technology College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao University  Qingdao 266071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Smart Intelligent and Wearable Technology College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao University  Qingdao 266071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zizheng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Smart Intelligent and Wearable Technology College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao University  Qingdao 266071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Smart Intelligent and Wearable Technology College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao University  Qingdao 266071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electromechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science &amp; Technology  Qingdao 266061 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Smart Intelligent and Wearable Technology College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao University  Qingdao 266071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Smart Intelligent and Wearable Technology College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao University  Qingdao 266071 China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry Nankai University  Tianjin 300071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lifang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry Nankai University  Tianjin 300071 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005379\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ado9938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adr3149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2024.100334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929\u2010024\u201001209\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2025.100427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c12942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201041030\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esci.2024.100323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201050691\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202400582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202501230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202410039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201033007\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c08100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c00318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE05356G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2019.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201063218\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201054513\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563\u2010024\u201002098\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202101827"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.124791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202315633"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b03954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872\u20102067(18)63170\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42765\u2010024\u201000480\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201060043\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EE05759G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010023\u201039580\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045654\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201059472\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202422017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201023750\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","volume":"63","author":"Zhang W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. 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