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Both CH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    OH and HCOOH possess high energy density and are easily storable and transportable. Beyond their widespread use as solvents and C\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    feedstock chemicals, CH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    OH can be applied in fuel cells or serve as a hydrogen precursor, making it valuable for transportation and grid\u2010level energy storage. HCOOH similarly functions as a safe hydrogen carrier and as a fuel in formic acid fuel cells. Electrochemical CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction (eCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    R) to these C\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    products represents a pivotal step in closing the anthropogenic carbon loop, enabling sustainable energy storage. Recent years have brought notable advances in catalyst development, mechanistic understanding, and system optimization. Although metal\u2010free catalysts and conductive polymers have advanced at a fast pace, transition\u2010metal\u2010containing systems remain the most effective, offering superior activity, selectivity, stability, and Faradaic efficiency (FE). Particularly promising are dual\u2010function systems that integrate CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    capture\/absorption with electroreduction, offering a promising route toward the direct valorization of industrial CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. This minireview critically evaluates recent advances in molecular and polymer\u2010based electrocatalytic systems, design strategies, and emerging directions for next\u2010generation CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010to\u2010C\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    liquid fuel conversion technologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202522226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T06:58:57Z","timestamp":1763967537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["From CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    to C\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    Liquid Fuels: Molecular Electrochemical Production of Formic Acid and Methanol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Pavlina","family":"Karapapa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University  Stockholm 10691 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobhan","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University  Stockholm 10691 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Zeglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University  Stockholm 10691 Sweden"},{"name":"AIMES \u2013 Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biswanath","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University  Stockholm 10691 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccst.2022.100072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14084792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2023.102693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.8b00878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.8b00740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00182J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2025.103216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SE00280D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B804323J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b09740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c10125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201902020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c00489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spc.2021.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcou.2023.102477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202007672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36880-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2024.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.oprd.3c00255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccst.2024.100308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(00)00844-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4SU00749B"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201909257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202504783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c00976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"V3:278\u2013V3:294","volume-title":"Comprehensive Methanol Science: Production, Applications, and Emerging Technologies: First Edition","author":"Khan M. 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