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Mangotoxin was identified in 2003 from\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                    pv.\n                    <jats:italic>syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which causes devastating diseases globally in various crops, including mango. Mangotoxin was found to inhibit arginine biosynthesis in tomato and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; however, its chemical structure remained unknown. We determined the structure of mangotoxin from the native bacterial producer\n                    <jats:italic>P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n                    to be an alanine\u2010citrulline dipeptide that contains an internal alkyne on citrulline. We showed that mangotoxin also inhibits the growth of a multidrug\u2010resistant human pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain. In vitro characterization of mangotoxin biosynthesis revealed that alkyne formation is catalyzed by a heme oxygenase\u2010like domain\u2010containing oxidase with a redox partner on a tripeptide intermediate. We discovered that the mangotoxin biosynthetic enzymes can couple various canonical and noncanonical amino acids into tripeptides and install two\u2010 or four\u2010electron oxidations on several tripeptides, providing a foundation for bioengineering of the pathway. Our work answered a two\u2010decade\u2010old question on the structure of an elusive toxin and will facilitate the elucidation of the molecular mechanism used by mangotoxin to inhibit amino acid metabolism in plants and bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.2211678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:43:26Z","timestamp":1790088206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structure and Biosynthesis of Mangotoxin Produced by the Plant Pathogen\n                    <i>Pseudomonas syringae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7647-8636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis H.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohan","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan W.","family":"Mull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7785-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erinn M.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8019-8891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2018.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.63.2.266\u2010292.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.60.5.723"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048\u20104059(80)90041\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/229174a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.71.4.912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0892\u2010905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00259626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.1998.88.7.614"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"2487","article-title":"A Case Report of Apical Necrosis in a Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Plantation Established Under Colombian Dry Caribbean Conditions","volume":"23","author":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Ram\u00edrez L. F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ciencia Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Outbreak of Bacterial Apical Necrosis of Mango in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"28","author":"Naqvi S. A. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Isolated From Mango in Sicily and Occurrence of Copper\u2010Resistant Strains","volume":"97","author":"Aiello D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Plant 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