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Here, we exploit this intrinsic instability to construct an interfacial Cs\/Cl dual\u2010modified Bi nanoflower catalyst via an in situ electrochemical surface reconstruction strategy, which delivers high formate selectivity across a broad pH window, including acidic, neutral, and alkaline media. In situ spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that Cs\/Cl dual\u2010modification fundamentally serves as synergistic sites by reconfiguring the interfacial electronic environment, accelerating water dissociation, and stabilizing *OCHO intermediates, thereby steering the reaction pathway toward formate. Furthermore, pairing CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction with methanol oxidation in a two\u2010electrode configuration enables the simultaneous electrosynthesis of formate at both electrodes under low cell voltages, offering a dual\u2010value coproduction strategy for carbon utilization and biomass upgrading. This work establishes interfacial water activation via reconstruction\u2010induced dual\u2010sites as a powerful design principle for next\u2010generation CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction electrocatalysts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.2221316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T09:23:55Z","timestamp":1787131435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial Water Activation via Reconstruction\u2010Induced Sites for pH\u2010Universal Electroreduction of CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Dongxing","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University  Qufu 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