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However, the synergistic mechanism in such complex architectures under operating conditions remains elusive. Herein, a two\u2010step approach involving selective etching and co\u2010confined adsorption was developed to precisely construct CoRu\/Ru\n                    <jats:sub>NPs<\/jats:sub>\n                    catalyst, featuring Ru\u2013Co diatomic sites coupled with Ru sub\u2010nanoparticles, which demonstrates excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance with a half\u2010wave potential of 0.91\u00a0V and a peak power density of 369\u00a0mW cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    in zinc\u2010air batteries, along with outstanding cycling stability over 1350 h. Beyond modulating the electronic structure to weaken OH* adsorption on Ru\u2013Co diatomic sites, the Ru sub\u2010nanoparticles also induce an alternative thermodynamic pathway for enhanced ORR kinetics, in which interfacial water dissociate on oxyphilic Ru sub\u2010nanoparticles and facilely supply protons to oxygen\u2010containing intermediates on neighboring Ru\u2013Co diatomic sites. This work not only advances the construction of synergistic active sites but also opens a new paradigm for designing advanced electrocatalysts by harnessing the interfacial environment beyond electronic structure modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.2299436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:51:47Z","timestamp":1774936307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Beyond Electronic Interaction: Ru Sub\u2010Nanoparticles Reconfiguring Interfacial Water on Ru\u2013Co Diatomic Sites for Accelerated Oxygen Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Xiangrong","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 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