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Accurate detection and complete surgical resection remain challenging because lesions are frequently small, multifocal, and visually ambiguous. Fluorescence imaging in the second near\u2010infrared window (NIR\u2011II, 1000\u20131700\u00a0nm) enables deeper tissue visualization with reduced scattering and autofluorescence, offering improved contrast and spatial resolution. Here, we developed P\u2011BPTI, a NIR\u2011II\u2013emissive semiconducting polymer designed to mitigate aggregation\u2010caused quenching (ACQ) and enhance in vivo bioimaging. P\u2011BPTI nanoparticles exhibit strong NIR\u2011II fluorescence, excellent photostability, and deep tissue penetration. In a multi\u2010lesion mouse model of endometriosis, P\u2011BPTI enabled noninvasive lesion visualization and real\u2010time image\u2010guided resection, outperforming both its monomeric counterpart and indocyanine green (ICG). Importantly, repeated administration of P\u2010BPTI NPs at 7\u2010day intervals enabled periodic NIR\u2010II imaging of lesion status for up to 49 days after surgery. Post\u2010operative histological analyses further supported effective lesion removal and reduced pathological activity. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of P\u2011BPTI for NIR\u2011II image\u2010guided surgery and long\u2010term monitoring in endometriosis, with promise for improving lesion localization and therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.2407891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:13:50Z","timestamp":1787562830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Precise Surgical Navigation of Endometriosis via NIR\u2010II Fluorescence Imaging With a Semiconducting Polymeric Probe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Longgang  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou International Innovation Institute Beihang University  Hangzhou P. 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